REVIEW ARTICLE
Leadership in risk management – a scoping literature review
 
More details
Hide details
1
Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Poland
 
2
Faculty of Business and Management, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Poland
 
 
Submission date: 2025-08-08
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-10-25
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-02-11
 
 
Online publication date: 2026-04-03
 
 
Publication date: 2026-03-30
 
 
Corresponding author
Sylwia Bąk   

Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Poland
 
 
Management 2026;(1):122-150
 
KEYWORDS
JEL CLASSIFICATION CODES
D81
H12
 
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Research background and purpose:
Leadership in risk management can influence the way individuals think about risk, the decisions they make and the skills and methods they use to identify, understand and manage risk. The purpose of this text is to demonstrate the importance of leadership in risk management and to perform a scoping literature review allowing the identification of the main research themes in this area.

Design/methodology/approach:
The research methodology was based on a qualitative-quantitative approach. It was adapted to the rigour of scoping review studies. The study followed the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR. Elements of bibliometric analysis, keyword analysis and visual analysis were also used. Texts indexed in the EBSCO and Scopus databases were included in the review.

Findings:
The scoping review carried out allowed the identification and categorisation of academic texts on leadership in risk management. A total of 887 texts were identified in the databases, of which 84 met the inclusion criteria and were qualified for further analysis. The identified texts were divided under seven categories. The search returned 190 keywords, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria.

Value added and limitations:
The study fills a research gap regarding the lack of review studies integrating texts dedicated to relationships between leadership and risk management. The study shows theoretical and cognitive, as well as applicative implications for management practitioners related to the awareness of the strong correlation between leadership styles and attitudes towards risk. One of the limitations is the fact that only two databases were taken into consideration in the search for relevant scientific publications.
REFERENCES (108)
1.
Abduran, D.B., Daianu, D. C., Maticiuc, M.D., Rafi, N., & Kalyar, M.N. (2022). Strategic leadership, environmental uncertainty, and supply chain risk: An empirical investigation of the agribusiness industry. Zemědělská Ekonomika, 68(5), 171–179.
 
2.
Adeleke, A. Q., Windapo, A. O., Khan, M. W. A., Bamgbade, J. A., Salimon, M. G., & Nawanir, G. (2018). Validating the influence of effective communication, team competency and skills, active leadership on construction risk management practices of Nigerian Construction Companies. Journal of Social Sciences Research, 6, 460–465. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.....
 
3.
Al-Dhobee, Y. A., Goail, M., & Al-Dhobee, S. (2025). Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation Dimensions-Innovation, proactiveness and Risk-taking on Social Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: Does Charismatic Leadership Moderate These Relationships? International Review of Management and Marketing, 15(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.....
 
4.
Amin-Naseri, M., & Azari Khojasteh, M. (2015). Price competition between two leader-follower supply chains with risk-averse retailers under demand uncertainty. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 79(1–4), 377–393.
 
5.
Andersen, J. G., Karekezi, C., Ali, Z., Yonga, G., Kallestrup, P., & Kraef, C. (2021). Perspectives of local community leaders, health care workers, volunteers, policy makers and academia on climate change related health risks in mukuru informal settlement in nairobi, keny - a qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph...
 
6.
Anh, D. V. P., Lan, M. T., Tuyen, B. Q., & Hung, T. H. (2024). Does leadership personality affect business risks? New evidence from Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises. Risk Management, 26, 8. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41283....
 
7.
Aqli, Z., Ujianto, & Syafi’i, A. (2019). Public employees’ risk aversion and organizational citizenship behavior: The effects of ethical leadership, work culture and public service motivation. Public Administration Issues, 6, 7–22. https://doi.org/10.17323/1999-....
 
8.
Ardilo, A. (2022). Risk leadership and emotional intelligence on ISO 31000 application’s effectiveness for organization. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 1(6), 634–641. https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v....
 
9.
Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/136455....
 
10.
Baldner, C., Pierro, A., Di Santo, D., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2022). Men and women who want epistemic certainty are at-risk for hostility towards women leaders. Journal of Social Psychology, 162(5), 549–565.
 
11.
Barber, R. (2023). Risk leadership in complexity. In D. Hillson (Ed.), The risk management handbook: A practical guide to managing the multiple dimensions of risk (2nd ed., 325–338). Kogan Page.
 
12.
Benmira, S., & Agboola, M. (2021). Evolution of leadership theory. BMJ Leader, 5(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/leader....
 
13.
Berg, S. T. S., Grimstad, A., Škerlavaj, M., & Černe, M. (2017). Social and economic leader–member exchange and employee creative behavior: The role of employee willingness to take risks and emotional carrying capacity. European Management Journal, 35(5), 676 – 687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.....
 
14.
Block, S., Munkeby, S. H., & Sambasivam, S. (2021). An empirical examination of the effects of CTO leadership on the alignment of the governance of Big Data and Information Security Risk Management efectiveness. Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology, 18, 41–61.
 
15.
Bregenzer, A., Jimenez, P. (2021). Risk Factors and Leadership in a Digitalized Working World and Their Effects on Employees’ Stress and Resources: Web-Based Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e24906. https://doi.org/10.2196/24906.
 
16.
Buchtmann, M., Wise, R., O’Connell, D., Crosweller, M., & Edwards, J. (2023). Reforming Australia’s approach to hazards and disaster risk: national leadership, systems thinking, and inclusive conversations about vulnerability. Disaster Prevention & Management, 32(1), 49–73.
 
17.
Cakir, M. S., Wardman, J. K., & Trautrims, A. (2023). Ethical leadership supports safety voice by increasing risk perception and reducing ethical ambiguity: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk Analysis, 43(9), 1902 – 1916. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.1....
 
18.
Camba, A. (2022). How Chinese firms approach investment risk: strong leaders, cancellation, and pushback. Review of International Political Economy, 29(6), 2010–2035.
 
19.
Carlson, M., Dockner, E. J., Fisher, A., & Giammarino, R. (2014). Leaders, followers, and risk dynamics in industry equilibrium. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49(2), 321–349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00221....
 
20.
Chen, H., Yan, Y., Liu, Z., & Xing, T. (2018). Effect of risk attitude on outsourcing leadership preferences with demand uncertainty. Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies & Applications, 22(16), 5263–5278.
 
21.
Chen, H.-L., & Hsu, W.-T. (2024). Do female leaders always avoid risks? Evidence from corporate investment in innovation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 37(13), 4140–4153. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09537325.2024.2438112.
 
22.
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (2017). Enterprise risk management: Integrating with strategy and performance. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. https://www.coso.org/enterpris....
 
23.
Crawley, J., & McAneny, E. (2023). Enterprise risk management. In D. Hillson (Ed.), The risk management handbook: A practical guide to managing the multiple dimensions of risk (2nd ed., pp. 21–40). Kogan Page.
 
24.
Dickson, R. K. (2023). Analysis of the traditional leadership theories: A review of contemporary leadership approaches and management effectiveness. Information and Knowledge Management, 13(5), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.7176/IKM/13....
 
25.
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaq....
 
26.
Dixit, A., Quaglietta, J., & Gaulton, C. (2021). Preparing for the future: How organizations can prepare boards, leaders, and risk managers for artificial intelligence. Healthcare Management Forum, 34(6), 346 – 352. https://doi.org/10.1177/084047....
 
27.
Dixit, A., Quaglietta, J., Nathan, K., Dias, L., & Nguyen, D. (2023). Cybersecurity: Guiding Principles and Risk Management Advice for Healthcare Boards, Senior Leaders and Risk Managers. Healthcare Quarterly, 25(4), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2....
 
28.
Duan, J., Lapointe, É., Xu, Y., & Brooks, S. (2019). Why do employees speak up? Examining the roles of LMX, perceived risk and perceived leader power in predicting voice behavior. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(8), 560–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-11....
 
29.
Ertac, S., & Gurdal, M. Y. (2012). Deciding to decide: Gender, leadership and risk-taking in groups. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), 24–30.
 
30.
Federation of European Risk Management Associations. (n.d.). Publications and position papers. Retrieved July 26, 2025, from https://www.ferma.eu/publicati....
 
31.
Fernández-Muñiz, B., Montes-Peón, J. M., & Vázquez-Ordás, C. J. (2014). Safety leadership, risk management and safety performance in Spanish firms. Safety Science, 70, 295–307.
 
32.
Flores, A. Q. (2012). A Competing Risks Model of War Termination and Leader Change. International Studies Quarterly, 56(4), 809–819.
 
33.
Fourie, W. (2022). Leadership and risk: A review of the literature. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-0....
 
34.
Ghosh, V., Kabra, G., & Mukerjee, H. S. (2022). Influence of knowledge leadership on it project performance and quality practices: examining the role of leader risk-mitigation efforts. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 18(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKM.2....
 
35.
Glass, C., & Cook, A. (2020). Pathways to the Glass Cliff: A Risk Tax for Women and Minority Leaders? Social Problems, 67(4), 637–653.
 
36.
Goto, M., Nishide, K., Takashima, R. (2017). Leaders, followers, and equity risk premiums in booms and busts. Journal of Banking and Finance, 81, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jban....
 
37.
Guo, X., Chmutova, I., Kryvobok, K., Lozova, T., & Kramskyi, S. (2024). The race for global leadership and its risks for world instability: Technologies of controlling and mitigation. Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 5(1), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.58256/5wzf9....
 
38.
Gupta, S., & Mathur, N. (2023). Virtual communication adoption by educational leaders: moderating role of perceived risk and benefits. International Journal of Information & Learning Technology, 40(3), 242–258.
 
39.
Haney, J. R., Church, J., & Cockerill, R. (2013). Pursuing enterprise risk management: A local road map for Canadian healthcare leaders. Healthcare Management Forum, 26(3), 145–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcmf....
 
40.
Heath, R. L., Bradshaw, J., & Lee, J. (2002). Community Relationship Building: Local Leadership in the Risk Communication Infrastructure. Journal of Public Relations Research, 14(4), 317–353.
 
41.
Heldal, F., & Antonsen, S. (2014). Team Leadership in a High-Risk Organization: The Role of Contextual Factors. Small Group Research, 45(4), 376–399.
 
42.
Hiep, H. Y., & Hien, N. N. (2023). Safety Leadership, Covid-19 Risk Perception, and Safety Behavior: The Moderator Role of Work Pressure. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 13(2), 255 – 266. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse....
 
43.
Hillson, D. (2023). Introducing risk. In D. Hillson (Ed.), The risk management handbook: A practical guide to managing the multiple dimensions of risk (2nd ed., pp. 1–20). Kogan Page.
 
44.
Hunt, T., & Fedynich, L. (2019). Leadership: Past, present, and future: An evolution of an idea. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 8(2), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.18533/journ....
 
45.
International Organization for Standardization. (2018). ISO 31000:2018: Risk management – Guidelines. https://www.iso.org/standard/6....
 
46.
Iranzo-Cabrera, M., & López-García, G. (2021). Scientific power in the Spanish press during the pandemic: a portrait of new leaders while explaining its risk. Communication & Society, 34(2),263–280.
 
47.
Jacklin-Jarvis, C., & Potter, K. (2020). Exploring the Potential for Collaborative Leadership through a Policy Lens: A Comparative Analysis of Children’s Services and Flood Risk Management. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(16), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/019006....
 
48.
Jadil, Y., Rana, N.P., & Dwivedi, Y.K. (2021). A meta-analysis of the UTAUT model in the mobile banking literature: The moderating role of sample size and culture. Journal of Business Research, 132, 354-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus....
 
49.
Jedynak, P., & Bąk, S. (2018). The global risk landscape – its shape, tendencies and consequences for management. Journal of Economics and Management, 32(2), 48–59. https://doi: 10.22367/jem.2018.32.04.
 
50.
Jedynak, P., & Bąk, S. (2020). The role of managers in risk management. In A. Michałkiewicz & W. Mierzejewska (Eds.), Contemporary organisation and management: Challenges and trends (pp. 403–416). University Press.
 
51.
Jubault Krasnopevtseva, N., Guntzburger, Y., Kaminska, R., & Thomas, C. (2024). Building a conceptual framework of organizationally embedded tensions to enhance leadership for safety in high-risk and highly regulated organizations: A complexity leadership perspective. Safety Science, 177, 106572. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ssci.2024.106572
 
52.
Juma, A.A.Z.O., Perumal, P.A., & Mansoor, N. (2022). Model of Transformational Leadership, Risk Management Factors Influencing on Law Performance. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, 13(4), 297–313. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijsce....
 
53.
Jung, K. B., Kang, S.-W., & Choi, S. B. (2020). Empowering leadership, risk-taking behavior, and employees’ commitment to organizational change: The mediated moderating role of task complexity. Sustainability, 12(6), 23 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1206....
 
54.
Khan, Z. A., Nawaz, A., & Khan, I. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 16, 1–7.
 
55.
Kotter, J. P., Akhtar, V., & Gupta, G. (2021, August 13). Is your organization surviving change – or thriving in it? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/08/is-you...- or-thriving-in-it.
 
56.
Koźmiński, A. K. (2022). Leadership in the time of plague. Central European Management Journal, 30(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.7206/cemj.2....
 
57.
Kotter, J. P., Akhtar, V., & Gupta, G. (2021, August 13). Is your organization surviving change – or thriving in it? Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2021/08/is-you....
 
58.
Lalika, M., Salinas, M., Asiedu, G. B., Jones, C., Richard, M., Erickson, J., Weis, J., Abbenyi, A., Brockman, T. A., Sia, I. G., Wieland, M. L., White, R. O., Doubeni, C. A., & Brewer, L. C. (2023). Perspectives of African American Church Leaders in Response to COVID-19 Emergency Preparedness and Risk Communication Efforts Within a Community Engaged Research Partnership: COVID-19 emergency risk communication. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 17(1), e532. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.20....
 
59.
Lao, C., Pedro, J. R. S., & Caballes, D. (2022). Organizational Effectiveness Related to Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Taytay, Rizal, Philippines: Perspective from the Academic Leaders. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business & Education Research, 3(8), 1409–1414.
 
60.
Lesum, S. A., Akthar, S. R., Islam, M. R., Sadia, F., & Hasan, M. (2024). Project Governance to Improve the Performance of Software Projects by Mitigating the Software Risk Factors: The Moderating Role of Project Leadership. Procedia Computer Science, 239, 1863 – 1870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proc....
 
61.
Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K.K. (2010). Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5....
 
62.
Lisdiono, P., Said, J., Yusoff, H., & Hermawan, A. A. (2022). Examining Leadership Capabilities, Risk Management Practices, and Organizational Resilience: The Case of State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(10), 6268. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1410....
 
63.
Liu, H., Dust, S. B., Xu, M., & Ji, Y. (2021). Leader–follower risk orientation incongruence, intellectual stimulation, and creativity: A configurational approach. Personnel Psychology, 74(1), 143–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.1....
 
64.
Lizarralde, G., Bornstein, L., Robertson, M., Gould, K., Herazo, B., Petter, A.-M., Páez, H., Díaz, J. H., Olivera, A., González, G., López, O., López, A., Ascui, H., Burdiles, R., & Bouchereau, K. (2021). Does climate change cause disasters? How citizens, academics, and leaders explain climate-related risk and disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 58, 102173 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdr....
 
65.
Menon, K., & Motala, S. (2021). Pandemic leadership in higher education: New horizons, risks and complexities. Education as Change, 25. https://doi.org/10.25159/1947-....
 
66.
Miller, J. (2010). Rural Minnesota Cities at Risk: State Leaders Can Take Steps to Curb the Trend. Rural Minnesota Journal, 5(1), 39–47.
 
67.
Mohr, C., Hammer, L., Dimoff, J., Allen, S., Lee, J., Arpin, S., McCabe, S., Brockwood, K., Bodner, T., Mahoney, L., Dretsch, M., & Britt, T. (2024). Supportive-Leadership Training to Improve Social Connection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial Demonstrating Efficacy in a High-Risk Occupational Context. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(5), 299–316. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp000...
 
68.
Moon, J. (2021). Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Styles on Risk Intelligent Decision Making and Risk Management. Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management, 11(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-....
 
69.
Nolan-McSweeney, M., Ryan, B., & Cobb, S. (2023). Interviews with rail industry leaders about systems thinking in the management of organisational change and risk management. Safety Science, 164, 106168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci....
 
70.
Northouse, P.G. (2018). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Oah, S., Na, R., & Moon, K. (2018). The Influence of Safety Climate, Safety Leadership, Workload, and Accident Experiences on Risk Perception: A Study of Korean Manufacturing Workers. Safety and Health at Work, 9(4), 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw....
 
71.
Omidi, L., Karimi, H., Pilbeam, C., Mousavi, S., & Moradi, G. (2023). Exploring the relationships among safety leadership, safety climate, psychological contract of safety, risk perception, safety compliance, and safety outcomes. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1235214.. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.....
 
72.
Orsini, A. (2012). Business as a regulatory leader for risk governance? The compact initiative for liability and redress under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Environmental Politics, 21(6), 960-979, https://doi.org/10.1080/096440....
 
73.
Popescu, T. M., Popescu, A. M., & Prostean, G. (2021). Leaders’ perspectives on iot security risk management strategies in surveyed organizations relative to iotsrm2. Applied Sciences, 11(19), 9206. https://doi.org/10.3390/app111....
 
74.
Porcuna-Enguix, L., Bustos-Contell, E., Serrano-Madrid, J., & Labatut-Serer, G. (2021). Constructing the Audit Risk Assessment by the Audit Team Leader When Planning: Using Fuzzy Theory. Mathematics, 9(23), 3065.
 
75.
Przetacznik, S. (2022). Key success factors of enterprise risk management systems: Listed Polish companies. Central European Management Journal, 30(1), 91–114. https://doi.org/10.7206/cemj.2....
 
76.
Read, J. H., & Shapiro, I. (2013). Transforming power relationships: Leadership, risk, and hope (Political Science Series/ Reihe Politikwissenschaft, No. 135). Institute for Advanced Studies.
 
77.
Ren, J., Zhu, Y., He, Y., Zhao, X., Pang, G., Long, L., & Zhang, Q. (2024). Association of self-leadership and epidemic risk perception on quality of life in post-pandemic mainland of China: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1394416. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.....
 
78.
Ridenour, C. S., & Twale, D. J. (2005). Academic Generations Exploring Intellectual Risk Taking in an Educational Leadership Program. Education, 126(1), 158–164.
 
79.
Rinne, U., & Sonnabend, H. (2022). Female workers, male managers: Gender, leadership, and risktaking. Southern Economic Journal, 88(3), 906–930. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.1....
 
80.
Risk and Insurance Management Society. (n.d.). Risk maturity model for enterprise risk management. Retrieved July 27, 2025, from https://www.logicmanager.com/r....
 
81.
Ruslanjari, D., Putri, R. A. P., Puspitasari, D., & Sulistiyo, S. (2024). Embracing leadership of local actors and community in disaster risk reduction of Yogyakarta. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 16(1), a1679. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.....
 
82.
Salin, D., Baillien, E., & Notelaers, G. (2022). High-Performance Work Practices and Interpersonal Relationships: Laissez-Faire Leadership as a Risk Factor. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 854118.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
 
83.
Sandhåland, H., Oltedal, H. A., Hystad, S. W., & Eid, J. (2017). Effects of leadership style and psychological job demands on situation awareness and the willingness to take a risk: A survey of selected offshore vessels. Safety Science, 93, 178–186.
 
84.
Savoia, E., Piltch-Loeb, R., Stanton, E. H., & Koh, H.K. (2023). Learning from COVID-19: government leaders’ perspectives to improve emergency risk communication. Globalization & Health, 19(1), 1–12.
 
85.
Shakeela, A., & Becken, S. (2015). Understanding tourism leaders’ perceptions of risks from climate change: an assessment of policy-making processes in the Maldives using the social amplification of risk framework (SARF). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 65–84.
 
86.
Shao, W., & Hao, F. (2020). Confidence in political leaders can slant risk perceptions of COVID–19 in a highly polarized environment. Social Science & Medicine, 261, 113235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socs.... 2020.113235.
 
87.
Sharapov, D., & Ross, J.-M. (2023). Whom should a leader imitate? Using rivalry-based imitation to manage strategic risk in changing environments. Strategic Management Journal, 44(1), 311–342. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/smj.3120.
 
88.
Shavshukov, V. M., & Zhuravleva, N. A. (2020). Global economy: New risks and leadership problems. International Journal of Financial Studies, 8(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs80....
 
89.
Sturup, S., & Low, N. (2015). Storylines, Leadership and Risk, Some Findings from Australian Case Studies of Urban Transport Megaprojects. Urban Policy & Research, 33(4), 490–505.
 
90.
Sudduth, J. K. (2017). Coup risk, coup-proofing and leader survival. Journal of Peace Research, 54(1), 3–15.
 
91.
Summerill, C., Pollard, S. J. T., & Smith, J. A. (2010). The role of organizational culture and leadership in water safety plan implementation for improved risk management. Science of the Total Environment, 408(20), 4319–4327.
 
92.
Ta, M. T. D., Kim, T., & Gausdal, A. H. (2022). Leadership styles and safety performance in high-risk industries: a systematic review. Safety and Reliability, 41(1), 10–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/096173....
 
93.
Tan, A. M., & Ann, H. J. (2023). Exploring the role of the theory of planned behaviour, risk orientation, and participative leadership in SME managers’ engagement in CSR. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios, 25(2), 234-252. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v....
 
94.
Teufel, M., Schweda, A., Dörrie, N., Musche, V., Hetkamp, M., Weismüller, B., Lenzen, H., Stettner, M., Kohler, H., Bäuerle, A., & Skoda, E.-M. (2020). Correspondence not all world leaders use twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of the way of angela merkel on psychological distress, behaviour and risk perception. Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom), 42(3),.
 
95.
644–646. https://doi.org/10.1093 /pubmed/fdaa060.
 
96.
Tran, T. K. (2023). Leadership and the company’s willingness to take risks: Empirical analysis in Vietnam. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.joitmc.2023.100138.
 
97.
Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K.K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMAScR): Checklist and Explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169, 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-08....
 
98.
Wang, Y., & Wilmshurst, T. (2008). Board leadership structure and firm risk-taking behaviour. Corporate Ownership and Control, 6(2A), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv6....
 
99.
Wardman, J. K. (2020). Recalibrating pandemic risk leadership: Thirteen crisis ready strategies for COVID-19. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7–8), 1092–1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/136698....
 
100.
Wei, S.-Y., & Kuo, Y.-K. (2023). The relationship among safety leadership, risk perception, safety culture, and safety performance: Military volunteer soldiers as a case study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1000331. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
 
101.
Whiteoak, J., Abell, D., & Becker, K. (2023). The leadership challenge of increasing productivity in the workplace without increasing burnout risk. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 44(2), 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-0....
 
102.
Wilson, A., Carey, B., & Buckley, A. (2023). Enhancing Leadership and Management Effectiveness: Leveraging Actor-Network Theory for Project Risk Mitigation. International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, IC3K-Proceedings, 3, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.5220/001215....
 
103.
Windeler, J. B., Maruping, L., & Venkatesh, V. (2017). Technical systems development risk factors: The role of empowering leadership in lowering developers’ stress. Information Systems Research, 28(4), 775–796. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2....
 
104.
Ye, S., Yao, K., & Xue, J. (2025). Leveraging Empowering Leadership to Improve Employees’ Improvisational Behavior: The Role of Promotion Focus and Willingness to Take Risks. Psychological Reports, 128(3), 2092–2114.
 
105.
Young, S. A., Lindeman, K. C., & Fowler, S. R. (2024). Climate adaptation and risk preparedness in Florida’s East Coast cities: views of municipal leaders. Journal of Environmental Planning & Management, 67(3), 594–608.
 
106.
Zaher Omair Juma, A. A., Batool, M., Ali, S., & Perumal, P. A. (2023). The impact of transformational leadership on risk management and Dubai police performance. Policing: A Journal of Policy& Practice, 17, 1–13.
 
107.
Zamisa, N. A., & Mutereko, S. (2019). The role of traditional leadership in disaster management and disaster risk governance: A case of Ugu District Municipality by-laws. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/JAMBA.....
 
108.
Zeng, J., Lai, J., & Liu, X. (2022). How servant leadership motivates young university teachers’ workplace well-being: The role of occupational commitment and risk perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 996497. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.....
 
eISSN:2299-193X
ISSN:1429-9321 (1997-2019)
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top