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SCIENCE ARTICLE
Organizational performance model based on employees’ capacity for openness during the crisis caused by Black Swan Event
1
Faculty of Management, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2025-05-29
Final revision date: 2025-11-22
Acceptance date: 2025-12-16
Online publication date: 2026-04-01
Publication date: 2026-03-27
Corresponding author
Management 2026;(1):96-121
KEYWORDS
JEL CLASSIFICATION CODES
L25 Firm Performance: Size
Diversification
and Scope
M12 Personnel Management • Executives; Executive Compensation
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Research background and purpose:
This study aims to develop an organizational performance model based on employees’ capacity for openness during a crisis, particularly crises triggered by Black Swan Events (BSE). Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a representative BSE, this research explores how openness—defined as employees' ability to exceed personal limits and build relationships—affects job performance and organizational outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach:
A key hypothesis posits that capacity for openness impact organizational performance through mediating factors such as person-organization fit, person-supervisor fit, person-job fit, job-related attitudes (work motivation, satisfaction, engagement), and job performance. Empirical data was collected from 937 organizations in Poland, Italy, and the USA through a survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering organizations across various stages of crisis.
Findings:
Path analysis confirmed that capacity for openness significantly influences organizational performance, particularly through the mediating effects of work motivation, job satisfaction, and engagement. The findings highlight the importance of fostering openness within organizations to enhance adaptability and resilience during crises. Moreover, job performance emerged as a critical determinant in achieving positive organizational outcomes in BSE contexts.
Value added and limitations:
This research contributes to the literature on crisis management, human resource management, and Event System Theory by demonstrating the critical role of individual traits like openness in shaping organizational resilience. Further research is recommended to explore other BSE contexts and to validate the findings across diverse business environments.
This study aims to develop an organizational performance model based on employees’ capacity for openness during a crisis, particularly crises triggered by Black Swan Events (BSE). Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a representative BSE, this research explores how openness—defined as employees' ability to exceed personal limits and build relationships—affects job performance and organizational outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach:
A key hypothesis posits that capacity for openness impact organizational performance through mediating factors such as person-organization fit, person-supervisor fit, person-job fit, job-related attitudes (work motivation, satisfaction, engagement), and job performance. Empirical data was collected from 937 organizations in Poland, Italy, and the USA through a survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering organizations across various stages of crisis.
Findings:
Path analysis confirmed that capacity for openness significantly influences organizational performance, particularly through the mediating effects of work motivation, job satisfaction, and engagement. The findings highlight the importance of fostering openness within organizations to enhance adaptability and resilience during crises. Moreover, job performance emerged as a critical determinant in achieving positive organizational outcomes in BSE contexts.
Value added and limitations:
This research contributes to the literature on crisis management, human resource management, and Event System Theory by demonstrating the critical role of individual traits like openness in shaping organizational resilience. Further research is recommended to explore other BSE contexts and to validate the findings across diverse business environments.
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| eISSN: | 2299-193X |
| ISSN: | 1429-9321 (1997-2019) |
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