SCIENCE ARTICLE
Accessibility of indoor swimming pool for persons with disabilities as an element of sustainable social development
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Applied Economics, Kracow University of Economics, Poland
2
Department of Public Management, Krakow University of Economics, Poland
Submission date: 2026-02-11
Final revision date: 2026-06-19
Acceptance date: 2026-07-31
Online publication date: 2026-09-28
Publication date: 2026-09-21
Corresponding author
Mariola Mamcarczyk
Department of Applied Economics, Kracow University of Economics, Rakowicka, 31-510, Krakow, Poland
Management 2026;(2):161-184
KEYWORDS
JEL CLASSIFICATION CODES
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Research background and purpose:
Ensuring equal access to public infrastructure is an important element of sustainable social development and inclusive management practices. In the context of sports management, accessibility of sports facilities for persons with disabilities remains a significant social and organizational challenge. Despite growing awareness of inclusion, empirical evidence on the actual availability and adaptation of sports infrastructure in Poland is still fragmented. The purpose of this article is to analyze the accessibility of indoor swimming pool for persons with disabilities in Poland, with particular emphasis on its role in supporting sustainable social development and inclusive policy planning.
Design/methodology/approach:
The study is based on the analysis of secondary data derived from three complementary sources. First, demographic data from Statistics Poland (GUS) concerning the number of persons with disabilities were examined, with attention to differences in identification methods. Second, infrastructural data on the adaptation of indoor swimming pools to the needs of persons with disabilities were analyzed. Third, a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify trends and research interest in accessibility and inclusive sports infrastructure. Descriptive and comparative analytical methods were applied.
Findings:
The results reveal substantial discrepancies in the methods used to identify persons with disabilities, which affects the comparability of statistical data. The analysis indicates a gradual increase in the number of sports facilities adapted to the needs of persons with disabilities, suggesting positive developments in inclusive infrastructure management. Additionally, the bibliometric analysis demonstrates a growing scientific interest in accessibility, inclusion, and sustainable development within sports and public infrastructure research.
Value added and limitations:
The article provides original value by integrating demographic, infrastructural, and bibliometric perspectives into a single analytical framework relevant for management and policy decision-making. The findings have practical implications for planning and managing investments in inclusive sports facilities and contribute to social value by supporting integration and equal opportunities. The main limitation of the study is its reliance on secondary data, which may be affected by differences in data collection methods and availability.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The article presents the results of the project financed from the subsidy granted to the Krakow University of Economics - Project nr 022/GAZ/2025/POT and Project nr 26/EEE/2025/POT
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
During the preparation of this work the authors did not use Generative AI and AI-
assisted technologies in the writing process.
REFERENCES (31)
1.
Annarelli, A., Catarci, T., & Palagi, L. (2024). The forgotten pillar of sustainability: Development of the s-assessment tool to evaluate organizational social sustainability. arXiv.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv....
2.
Bergier, B., Kubińska, Z., & Bergier, J. (2013). Sports and recreational activities of the disabled from eastern regions of Poland. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 60(1), 30–39.
https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-....
3.
Chen, T., García, J. R. G., & Gasco-Hernandez, M. (2022). Understanding social sustainability for smart cities: The importance of inclusion, equity, and citizen participation as both inputs and long-term outcomes. Journal of Smart Cities and Society, 1(2), 135-148.
https://doi.org/10.3233/scs-21....
4.
Colantonio, A. (2007). Social sustainability: An exploratory analysis of its definition, assessment methods, metrics and tools (EIBURS Working Paper Series, 2007/01). Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University.
5.
Daszewska, A. (2022). Inkluzja społeczna osób z niepełnosprawnościami w Polsce z perspektywy prawa, badaczy społecznych i społeczeństwa polskiego [The social inclusion of people with disabilities in Poland from the perspective of the law, social researchers and Polish socjety]. Acta Iuris Stetinensism 39, 23–36.
https://doi.org/10.18276/ais.2....
6.
Dugarova, E. (2015). Social inclusion, poverty eradication and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development (UNRISD Working Paper No. 2015-15). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
7.
Gałat, W. (2023). Dostępność i co dalej? Podejście humanistyczne na drodze do różnorodności w przestrzeni uniwersytetu [Accessibility and what next? A humanistic approach towards diversity within the university environment]. In M. Sady (Ed.), Uniwersytet dostępny: doświadczenia Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie w rozwijaniu dostępności [Accessible university: the experiences of the Kraków University of Economics in promoting accessibility] (pp. 32-57). Wydawnictwo Małopolskiej Szkoły Administracji Publicznej Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie.
8.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (2012). Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011. Raport z wyników [2011 National Population and Housing Census. Report on the results]. GUS.
https://stat.gov.pl/spisy-pows....
9.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (2015). Zdrowie i zachowania zdrowotne mieszkańców Polski w świetle badania EHIS 2014 [The health and health behaviours of the Polish population in the light of the 2014 EHIS survey]. GUS.
https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/...
12.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (2023b). Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2022 roku. [The state and structure of the population and natural change by geographical area in 2022]. Stan w dniu 31 XII. GUS.
https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-te....
13.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny. (n.d.). Bank Danych Lokalnych: Kultura fizyczna, sport i rekreacja–Sport–Obiekty sportowe [Local Data Bank: Physical culture, sport and recreation–Sport–Sports facilities; data set]. Retrieved August 31, 2025, from
https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/da....
14.
Hołownia, D., & Kozak, M. (2024). Accessibility of service premises for people with disabilities in the historic areas of Lublin, Poland. Budownictwo i Architektura, 23(3), 159-170.
https://doi.org/10.35784/bud-a....
15.
Kurniawan, A., & Samudro, B. R. (2024). Optimizing Social and Economic Inclusion through Adaptive Sports Programs for Persons with Disabilities: A Pathway to Achieving SDGs. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 7(5), 3066-3072.
https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsr....
16.
Licht, K. D. F., & Folland, A. (2024). Redefining ‘sustainability’: A systematic approach for defining and assessing ‘sustainability’ and ‘social sustainability’. Theoria, 91(1), 45-59.
https://doi.org/10.1111/theo.1....
17.
Ly,A. M., & Cope, M. R. (2023). New conceptual model of social sustainability: Review from past concepts and ideas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (7), 1-20.
https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph20075350
18.
Maśliński, J., Wasilewski, P., Piepiora, P., & Witkowski, K. (2020). Access to sport and recreation services for visually impaired and blind people - a case study of the city of Wrocław. Quality in Sport, 6(2), 7–13.
https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.20....
19.
Ministerstwo Rodziny i Polityki Społecznej. (2022, July 19). Konwencja o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities].
https://www.gov.pl/web/rodzina....
20.
Mitrasinovic, M. (2008). Universal design. In M. Erlhoff & T. Marshall (Eds.), Design dictionary: Perspectives on design terminology (pp. 418–419). Birkhäuser.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
21.
Mensah, J. (2021). Social sustainability: A dwarf among giants in the sustainable development pillars? Asian Journal of Management, 12 (2), 127-138.
https://doi.org/10.52711/2321-....
22.
Niedbalski, J. (2016). Niepełnosprawny jako sportowiec [A person with a disability as an athlete]. In E. Zakrzewska-Manterys & J. Niedbalski (Eds.), Pasjonaci, kreatorzy, twórcy: Ludzie niepełnosprawni jako artyści, sportowcy, animatorzy mediów [Enthusiasts, creators, artists: Persons with disabilities as artists, athletes, and media animators] (pp. 13–56). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
23.
Papadakis, N., & Tzagkarakis, S. I. (2025). Welfare state, social policy and social sustainability, within the context of the permacrisis. Frontiers in Political Science, 6,1451406, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2....
24.
Polèse, M., & Stren, R. (2000). The social sustainability of cities: Diversity and the management of change. Canadian Public Policy-analyse De Politiques, 27 (3), 23-58.
https://doi.org/10.3138/978144....
26.
Szczygiel, A. (2024). Zdolność do czynności prawnych osób niepełnosprawnych w świetle zobowiązań międzynarodowych Polski [The legal capacity of people with disabilities in the light of Poland’s international obligations]. Niepełnosprawność – Zagadnienia, Problemy, Rozwiązania, I(50), 93–110.
https://doi.org/10.61531/623bh....
27.
Winston, N. (2021). Sustainable community development: Integrating social and environmental sustainability for sustainable housing and communities. Sustainable Development, 30(1), 191-202.
https://doi.org/10.1002 /SD.2238
28.
Wojnowska-Radzińska, J. (2022). Ochrona praw wyborczych osób z niepełnosprawnościami w świetle przepisów Konstytucji RP – mit czy rzeczywistość? [The protection of the electoral rights of people with disabilities under the Polish Constitution – myth or reality?]. Przegląd Konstytucyjny, 2, 117–132.
https://doi.org/ 10.4467/ 25442031pko.22.014.16012.