Impacts of Sales Expense and Administrative Cost Stickiness on Earnings Management – Empirical Evidence from Vietnam
 
More details
Hide details
1
Ph.D., School of Accounting, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
 
 
Online publication date: 2021-12-31
 
 
Management 2021;25(2):206-231
 
KEYWORDS
JEL CLASSIFICATION CODES
M4
M41
G32
 
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine effects of sales cost stickiness and administrative cost stickiness on earnings management level. Next, the authors explore whether financial leverage, company size audit firm type and operating cash flow affect the earnings management level of Vietnamese stock exchanges listed companies. The research sample consists of 249 observations (83 companies excluding companies in the banking, finance and insurance sectors) taken from two Vietnamese stock exchanges, HNX and HOSE. For data analysis we use feasible generalized least square regression method. The research results find that sales expense stickiness and administrative cost stickiness, included in the model, have an impact on earnings management level. Sales cost stickiness has a positive impact, while administrative cost stickiness has an impact (negative) on earnings management level. Besides, operating cash flow has an impact on earnings management level, while company size, financial leverage and audit firm type found out with no effect on earnings management level. The results of the study contribute to helping investors, creditors or others have a more comprehensive view of profits and business results of companies so that they will be able to make rational decisions.
 
REFERENCES (54)
1.
Abdulwahid Ahmed Hashed Abdullah (2020), “Impact of cost stickiness on financial disclosure quality: A study in the Saudi Arabian context”, Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 17(4), 145-151.
 
2.
Abed, S., Al-Attar, A., & Suwaidan, M. (2012), “Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: Jordanian Evidence”. International Business Research, 5(1): 216-225.
 
3.
Anderson, M. Banker, R. and Janakiraman, S. (2003), “Are Selling, General, and Administrative Costs ‘Sticky’?” Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 47-63.
 
4.
Arrow, K. J. (1972), “Some models of racial discrimination in the labor market. In A.H. Pascal ed”, Racial discrimination in economic life, Lexington, MA: Heath, pp.187–204.
 
5.
Alves Sandra. (2014), “The effect of board independence on the earnings quality: Evidence from Portuguese listed companies”, AABFJ, 8(3): 23-43.
 
6.
Balakrishnan, R. Labro, E. and Soderstrom, N. (2011), “Cost Structure and Sticky Costs”, Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 283-299.
 
7.
Banker, R. D., Basu, S., Byzalov, D., & Chen, J. Y. (2016), “The confounding effect of cost stickiness on conservatism estimates”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61(1), 203-220.
 
8.
Calleja, K., Steliaros, M., & Thomas, D. C. (2006), “A note on cost stickiness: Some international comparisons”, Management Accounting Research, 17(2), 127-140.
 
9.
Cahan, S. F. (1992), “The effect of antitrust investigations on discretionary accruals: A refined test of the political-cost hypothesis”, Accounting Review, 77-95.
 
10.
Chen, S., Chen, X., Cheng, Q. & Shevlin, T. (2010), “Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms?”, Journal of Financial Economics, 95, 41-61.
 
11.
Chen, C. X. Lu, H. and Sougiannis, T. (2012), “The agency problem, corporate governance, and the asymmetrical behavior of selling, general, and administrative costs”, Contemporary Accounting Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 252-282.
 
12.
Cook, Douglas O. and Kieschnick, R.L. and Moussawi, Rabih. (2017), “The Effects of Operating Leases on the Pricing of Stocks, Bonds, and Earnings Quality”.
 
13.
Dao, L.X., Quynh, T.P., & Thinh, N.N.P. (2017), “Các nhân tố tác động đến quản trị lợi nhuận của các công ty niêm yết trên sàn chứng khoán Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh”, Kỷ yếu hội thảo khoa học: Những vấn đề kế toán – kiểm toán được quan tâm trong nghiên cứu khoa học và trong thực tiễn hiện nay. NXB Đại Học Quốc Gia TP. Hồ Chí Minh.
 
14.
Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1995), “Detecting earnings management”, Accounting review, 193-225.
 
15.
Dechow, P. and Dichev, I. (2002), “The quality of accruals and earnings: the role of accrual estimation errors”, The Accounting Review, 77: 35-59.
 
16.
Dechow, P., Ge, W., & Schrand, C. (2010), “Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences”, Journal of accounting and economics, 50(2-3), 344-401.
 
17.
Derashid, C. & Zhang, H. (2003), “Effective tax rates và the “industrial policy” hypothesis: evidence from Malaysia”, Journal of international accounting, auditing và taxation, 12, 45-62.
 
18.
Diep, N.H. (2018), Các nhân tố tác động đến hành vi quản trị lợi nhuận của người quản lý tại các công ty niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam. Luận án tiến sĩ. Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
 
19.
Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P., & Schipper, K. (2004), “Costs of equity and earnings attributes”, Accounting Review, 79: 967-1010.
 
20.
Gaaya, S., Lakhal, N. & Lakhal, F. (2017), “Does family ownership reduce corporate tax avoidance? The moderating effect of audit quality”, Managerial Auditing Journal, 32, 731-744.
 
21.
Gunny, K. A. (2010), “The relation between earnings management using real activities manipulation and future performance: Evidence from meeting earnings benchmarks”, Contemporary accounting research, 27(3), 855-888.
 
22.
Habib, A., & Hasan, M. M. (2016), “Corporate social responsibility and cost stickiness”, Business & Society, 58(3), 453-492.
 
23.
Hassan, S. U. (2013), “Financial reporting quality, does monitoring charateristics matter? An empirical analysis of Nigerian manufacturing sector”, The Business & Management Review, 3(2): 147-161.
 
24.
Hong, N.T.P. (2016), Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng báo cáo tài chính của công ty niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán – bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại Việt Nam. Luận án tiến sĩ. Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
 
25.
Houcine, A. and Kolsi, M.C. (2017), “The Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Investment Efficiency: Evidence from the Tunisian Stock Market”, Research in International Business and Finance, 42 321-337.
 
26.
Houqe, M. N., Zijil, T. V., Dunstan, K. & Karim, A. W. (2010), “Does Corporate Governance affect Earnings Quality: Evidence from an Emerging Market”, Academy of Taiwan, Business Management Review, 7 (3): 48-57.
 
27.
Hribar, P. & Collins, D. W. (2002), “Errors in estimating accruals: Implications for empirical research”, Journal of Accounting research, 40, 105-134.
 
28.
Hung, D.N. (2015), “Nghiên cứu xu hướng quản trị lợi nhuận do thay đổi thuế suất thuế thu nhập DN của các công ty niêm yết trên TTCK Việt Nam”, Tạp chí Kinh Tế & Phát Triển, số 219 tháng 9/2015.
 
29.
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976), “Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure”, Journal of financial economics, 3(4), 305-360.
 
30.
Jones, M. C., & Sheather, S. J. (1991), “Using non-stochastic terms to advantage in kernel-based estimation of integrated squared density derivatives”, Statistics & Probability Letters, 11(6), 511-514.
 
31.
Klai Nesrine & Omri Abdelwahe. (2011), “Corporate Governance and Financial Reporting Quality: The case of Tunisian firms”, International Business Research, 4 (1): 158-166.
 
32.
Kim, J.-B., Li, Y. & Zhang, L. (2011), “Corporate tax avoidance và stock price crash risk: Firm-level analysis”, Journal of Financial Economics, 100, 639-662.
 
33.
Lai, L. (2011), “Monitoring of earnings management by independent directors and the impact of regulation: Evidence from the People's Republic of China”, Int. J. Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 7 (1/2): 6-31.
 
34.
McGuire, S. T., Omer, T. C. & Wang, D. (2012), “Tax avoidance: Does tax-specific industry expertise make a difference?”, The Accounting Review, 87, 975-1003.
 
35.
NAM, H. T. (2017), Cấu trúc sở hữu và hành vi tránh thuế nghiên cứu thực nghiệm các công ty niêm yết trên TTCK Việt Nam. Luận văn Thạc sĩ. Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
 
36.
N.T.P.Hong and N.T.Thuong (2015). Board Characteristics Affecting Earnings Management: An Empirical Investigation in Vietnam. Internationnal Conference on Accounting, ICOA2015.YOKOHAMA National University, Aston University, Economic University Danang. May 22.
 
37.
PHUONG, N. H. K. (2018), Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hành vi tránh thuế của các doanh nghiệp niêm yết trên sàn giao dịch chứng khoán Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Luận văn Thạc sĩ. Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
 
38.
Qinghua, W, Pingxin, W & Junming, Y. (2007), “Audit committee, board characteristics and quality of financial reporting: An empirical research on Chinese securities market”, Frontiers of Business Research in China, 1(3): 385-400.
 
39.
QUYEN, P. G. (2017), “Mối quan hệ giữa sở hữu nhà nước và sự né tránh thuế của các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam”, Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Mở TP. Hồ Chí Minh, số 53 (2) tháng 01/2017.
 
40.
Radzi, S. N. J. M., Islam, M. A. & Ibrahim, S. (2011), “Earnings quality in public listed companies: A study on Malaysia exchange for securities dealing and automated quatation”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(2): 233-244.
 
41.
Richardson, G. & Lanis, R. (2007), “Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates và tax reform: Evidence from Australia”, Journal of accounting và public policy, 26, 689-704.
 
42.
Richardson, G., Taylor, G. & Lanis, R. (2013), “The impact of board of director oversight characteristics on corporate tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis”, Journal of Accounting và Public Policy, 32, 68-88.
 
43.
Richardson, G., Wang, B. & Zhang, X. (2016), “Ownership structure và corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from publicly listed private firms in China”, Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, 12, 141-158.
 
44.
Roychowdhury, S. (2006). Earnings management through real activities manipulation. Journal of accounting and economics, 42(3), 335-370.
 
45.
Salehi, M., Ziba, N. and Daemi Gah, A. (2018), “The relationship between cost stickiness and financial reporting quality in Tehran stock exchange”, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 67 No. 9, pp. 1550-1565.
 
46.
Schipper, K. (1981), “Discussion of voluntary corporate disclosure: The case of interim reporting”, Journal of Accounting Research, 19: 85–88.
 
47.
Smith, C. W. and Warner, J. B. (1979), “On Financial Contracting: An Analysis of Bond Covenants”, Journal of Financial Economics, 7, 117-161.
 
48.
THI, N. D. (2018), Các yếu tố tác động đến hành vi tránh thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp: nghiên cứu thực nghiệm tại Việt Nam. Luận văn Thạc sĩ. Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
 
49.
Tulcanaza Prieto, A. B., & Lee, Y. H. (2019), “Internal and external determinants of capital structure in large Korean firms”, Global Business & Finance Review (GBFR), 24(3), 79-96.
 
50.
Watts, R. L. & Zimmerman, J. L. (1986), “Positive Accounting Theory”, Englewood- Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.
 
51.
Wilson, R. J. (2009), “An examination of corporate tax shelter participants”, The Accounting Review, 84, 969-999.
 
52.
WHITE, G.; A. SONDHI; AND D. FRIED (1997), “The Analysis and Use of Financial Statements”, New York: Wiley.
 
53.
Yasukata, K. (2011), “Are “Sticky Costs” the Result of Deliberate Decision of Managers?”, Available at: http://ssrn.com.Abstract=14447.... (Access date: 15-01-2016).
 
54.
Zimmerman, J. L. (1983), “Taxes và firm size”, Journal of accounting và economics, 5, 119-149.
 
eISSN:2299-193X
ISSN:1429-9321 (1997-2019)
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top